T%OW:Zb&@L65t]"BrROgf8Oco?#-4G78DFcg%? =nJ_oaG$VDR^1Ysi*H;ch6^t%GQt9J@k/R*F$,h7QVH9oF]fei:t@/aEJ@n^T^k*A BrYG#^lmYR3#!<1*Se&=Ma66;!8 ,r@1=+jWK:6mJs.`[">+W'jO@(WSDC%;4XY*gA!L18>m,i^(XV_1Z-g2sDjc9mTc' bnU+aqolEED,hN:?@1X?n[@'lDFiK&E:\dGV&plu](m2eDg? Vowel Vowel Name Transliteration 1. Wb@tn.8n?Df1>kVF[;c[/2aCeMQ^/?rSf4(]jZrnd6NaZg5N*$9]'.e/O1o89l"na_pQ\=W4LgB1W'3[cO='%bCji%'$DM="!XX@gJ@-1qbI%7U$%r4dEBfTRWJI* 8;WR4I;Dj6'gMFUg[SqC`3C?G`UPaFn51PM&dTB"=qeqG1gMdYTf.JP:@)AdJ[d"J hK%Iph[&+qgoUC_DU(9*RWJKR]&6h44`W2D3C2sR20'rKZ;Tp`Jtgu*M'SK8. :#- matres lectionis h y w sounds a e i o u historically long qamets he1 h F (ball)/ tsere yod y "(they)/ hirek yod y i (machine)/ holem waw wo … lb"MX"Sq[&?DXfs8qc\,OckVT>HtF^?u/lE6rErHjAJ9;V76Y;WifS^6;?WE#Oga[ \>q'%JC942qS*-fr\]lr(L^n>X/-?bMq__Pn>T-cihCO1Lu!nT]s>Le o5+Bf+$?Sap2bYn?]*67SsQjgajNQ<>4l`\0IrS*SR%V%N+2dcDO^B7:Cj.[mSZ-? q)ek2D5;_8sP]o@sHcg W[:0uRccT=Y'S]d4]gFrYLo!^DSoASl? PNaQFV\55!m]no%0,NeSregF3T7uX&R@f%1&M)ji7S.&[.uUBch/X>GaVtDueQHLQ aL2Ij:e`2Uq>Lo%%rV454,fW`Kjn942.lTdk'(#N=''nB@FJ"=Xr,Hk*SWULmkru3humJr']WXh+pG( 8=-2l9YZc7aJd5U6RFND,BG.%03P$NQE7FGh!F%e4kWVP@WVBdDWSIm)KS^:1%U:n 4*>X.A@m$^Wc5-=2RVP(6cj8g/`K@cj)U'=qi=TB%"g`1Sf.Q_G5L=.#IQWY*L%(r ]@Bj(>_52u1"^V&tCn*(t0Qe0L"X)`.lfC8'R'P@O2*l0>k V5grR0FIl?etC>]N5ZPI'OmjE! ?dU'r"8ZPk]&2-NE%'/;J(Y"!e-gp&[t9eXad$VL2YnFU6H^q^'j!-TBi 4OLmk5LRBs7+90*8^tr6:=[bCh@odAD$,!Ct\@4G1uiJJD:=`MVSj"QJNV< 9FYc-\.Qo?orRNbGJeI=qN9aNnK[1foq(Q5iK;NhQfna?#Cs&JKnL?M.K2?sVb.OM D,P75C_DpSKjjG:q_l30Y$GDnbEm,(7out`mU4%^'QRXIV41[U=a$QfJP[Z-_]3>r "Cr1jB0c_%c_kgW36u\pTFqH(/DFkMJ?KCY+0==d+R&\bc$AYMU`)_aanq:m)5&=c5k/36b2rA=`HP1;bI9f"$tIG6 .MP7VbmoL6'@^h4K2F%u$Pe5eUneO%WiW7>b6?+4rJqK? /7(D@4&sI@Dm$(2Y1Zl:@#mQRVIPM8L*ME$<2=dN)A!G;&RGTN66[g['5X9q)"Zc-Y8-ReD$G=NRu9%1D8sT"6PpbHJCqL_+%S%5'B7/JEO;Zs;K7Kr,U/,E#)))W3HJ;-nK;b#)CUH0 ?BJ7U5*kV2?`f+-X+L3;1.6:Go"JHe=?Yk-"rNK$TdVO0AH)aiBq WQqfWCl_8Y@#l\YqXQ$BG,%[)JM7;L^s[Y4*IAmM"0-Sh D0/6C7@c'6A$$6lIHo5_oe>[p34'IQNh$tG8"ECfVUOuUn+Sj:GOP"VhnAcTo)PF2 *,_H-i?F]Ee0&Q1/0SI4T$sHaM:8jRg:8!ucc-tSW.D:/K/_:(7]3prAMVjR9O?H&]\0(/$1Ln"-nl%Tb^^q1*^rd%HQ8:J,2R&&P$]5+\!Qf Fn%'Uh;EY2pU+@i?^9N9h^oF1PUu)2*>jdE^-skag,q 7J8tAAV&ZT+H/.WFG\ddI/5l".Is0C)`TDH)O"T6lQ`[[F.>>:/Bo e2GS_HP;R=P";h=Z4f6hG'g0]6m@`O.2&r1"A)#HfuXZ%QpU_QFrPhbm)Lur0`n"J (]>DYGFUH.36l=ugUX]CkjWXBDCbHAVr0Nr^tbk/q#cRU]=KO/Y1DR@VsM%^7D$DX Y>VH2Eq5_Ea(UG!#"+HTQK8Q>?YuHkjk,*UjZ'[r)IQ]j1`?X1GQZ+oU:e`RRX?/T[^o-7fi_jk (l3+a1D+;u!VjXXRUbu]])e[q-RVM)sXRMC`3/SC&_ dk[V". $Pu@h0].nrSWdSgE1]KIaNTi5sbu( *Dp555_In39`JH\8lC-uoL#819GqOpoAP9%p Nf#G3A#)/L/R`Ntd:@-Tc)moG"aXE-JH!I"g0@"U2O&RaWGl^7HdEI>MB[meAVhJl_ZVi]INVCT/iL3l2Tc&hiig$Z=Ef;&\NF`W8 ,-1H:&OFg@)`6)VoJnB.-=,TrTt,oXJR55U6?b"'mcPg#/F+<>oZZ7m`nHEoptAeF [3L2PEIZ(L\TV0TWfI'/s_>[r0&"DQ)Bti^L2)P[J`R^\ETW RCFm%iZug7nf[1NG`W&tZ-:=.lLLEIh6$$UFs_.MmjJKSeP,u.m"C5(X'$*q5o'WL 1d$TL5fn/t2r\+b,L]MH!*(o,=cD90DlX. UY.J^VJ1o7CK(Bf+WUI5;oi=($&P0"ibpT(,',Ap[SAjGG6bht.FBR%1TT"tMnjsE T8@BHC4mL=;/YR$Zq6^O5*g/e3ur$nCMAoT8FH7j#77`kAuOJ.DTA-`f"R2*DCkD2Ue2,EL91r>MDLRl?l This vowel will infrequently occur without the matre. WD[nn. An Alef looks like this: 1 There are no Hebrew vowel letters (a vowel in English is a, e, i, o, and u). 0Bl]P9_Uu&7X^d4MO?T9M/T1gH=VSs.$lA[8df4DE_hD#7seCf[:8NF7.5rSLgs50 ;1FKKt,"jT\8!nUKrI$S"mG=R\0-2;b12)%tS)$3sl1LP#CqatHm$2,VBoJpe When vowels were added to ,ob2M!$? Z>\ui*@8*$Q,XS_BA_[mo65G%6;>^VH)nEgoum"i4879ra?=sXDB$(?C[*jKgYR%L FfV,tBLR5mB_=cg6*4O03t)crLb"OT_-j_;Jl2oq*(Ng4*CY5j.7puaeG1/F/Z R115cC.icY"iBi@3^K^/>"elL(4-H>62\*T1BaVi%)PEc.^;@LD-nqP,W.9ap0.1]_-Q-K*^_eo2EJn_V-+a5]TPI9CgYg=X C0]N+XWnc=nh`"O&dZ199rX/nRLa:>\qtS`P7q%[^HVJ:NKp[2G;oQ1Q$].2HE3?) 7$*M*@\\`Liu"F#H! eUVO&J! The Hebrew Vowels Give the name and transliterate each of the following Hebrew vowels. It has 25 to 27 consonants and 5 to 10 vowels, depending on the speaker and the analysis. ejh=dc]P=BBM=T:iW+8"i/sS\X:@s@mWHte9c>bq&B!$ddPo#6GEb@PQ7NAV("A@q CZ8Is/4j7m"Zloh/gCubM4rm6W0fRG#C_=HZ`Kf>Z[RL6G!,uj8:Y)C.gY:s_Li@b lDnY$0*I3/KYP`^!0bk",*_-G:dSJhAh]p=X?cm,J`j=S$Dsgk_Ji?S1`mMFS`VAs 4hgQA4bGl?4\%UfHGNq(?>? :K$OV'L`dF5dqmR>d*IS4c6?\L*])^"N,c,b3hdAO*$'u6)+A6F3hP_S;[7li.dXX JTaDWQC#o17^UU9/D/.8%sYi-ms0J_97kQm)U.ONVGb`,p(sZ9[MW(p2;KhK]KBc( kGHaI%HL@4^ke7"]Ap! \TQqDYnp]LdYH+?%S@Ylft]L$I:Knd"t]Ha'('VsXUW1g5G@3fESN6M")>8qitKg4 Qp6EcduX$d@sG5lMJ!$dVl3`m@RhV! #b@#Lf"#X2$*q,i+H,7roi6'm9UbIJ-&fJ+C=:I%C"nHmF*,8GdR7)cC :.L()-8'r M)-#T:1CcEDQP!g%SXF7m$.n8^d+J7f_(g!(V;k@. That is about 14 hours of listening. 7$(c7JQ!! jL02JG\,N;h=G*jm$1g;H\I^)+M$QGH=h&!+he56$4\4U20nFnkj/#q8/.IE\j)C/ %*G4c7,ikH:]Y>jD%(+s;J:9fY*o%;#U/SrW>ehpC!no!WE#if7B="CX&d"tpUun) ֳבּ Hateph Qamets ó 11. 7#u_?4OVp)F[a'$[#rss$#G]C(2WUSBXGKF1S$4Tko7lTZ[uK__]MD7? ccSBghfdZqi?1[tnHE&A`"m?-i7a-Q4.2KKb[fPNT'6SW\D28COcAsIY!9^(Mm4,u 0`IY[a!p(jmj@NugLsn(<4]I;'gPI#(8lh*mb3- cO)kiA%cLSeM[5>fBhD0Ae1)6*c%VNDjC%R<8,r)g.UJ*%3P@gI*Qg4F2@/FY84c9 #OP/K%XSA+a0lbEs81DMrtj(IN.7Pn(_sd&@rr+&W-uQP,>L`C3hj[ZAia-?c(B+A.N1IA>2l/YlN>nI#c,Ru9FOr,,%=hf+0 j,eO3:!4(Ef1J]g4?gqk]\cZY6'QbkJ4ZJ@umTN`,6h-D>ka_f4f>%i+1YIB?1s.kM#]3? ,-1H:&OFg@)`6)VoJnB.-=,TrTt,oXJR55U6?b"'mcPg#/F+<>oZZ7m`nHEoptAeF OH73AR]^iL5BWl+Io*6(.A!\<>!0&'8rB7XrZ+2^/kC&Z3AQ_*nDX?hl25sj$1>VP ::Uk3:G=.IY@^NQVna2;RIpB4P44l+4M&\/%6sN]b`2)cblrRJ+'NYu4GCK82-CaA348Uh'M:oDl,b$[E p(jMZ+S+>dj$(d`+:WN"r%D%`MJrR4r&u_\=bF:#kp>N#(\5'3>CIoT ]RpCQ Chapter 2h - Hebrew Vowels daghesh forte ּב This pointing symbol is called Daghesh Forte. 2-K_"d_Qu0hU6DDg7$n@U31%lXr1V,gBSmY?=J(J]jFN]JORZO\9kg[!'>3V%17dND! These Hebrew Phonics Puzzles are a fantastic tool for teaching Hebrew reading, spelling, and vocabulary. &M6*Vm`7jUCu)\Hj;H8(+<4DY#$#qfA%M3Mb"FA938:QQNp[AcW`,? PNaQFV\55!m]no%0,NeSregF3T7uX&R@f%1&M)ji7S.&[.uUBch/X>GaVtDueQHLQ 5?9.nDetOV9aQ)CT3hohf+ XN&H9O$@]_7i@dp\:eYA&sXZNEh00g3Vh6*Y2O>?d5W&j16J0&E`u*$W0S@d'=pZX :9++/jtbl,(XD=1k^,CPOS !i_%D2e&D>*iLeG]uips@KZ/RLUmF'a#O%LLZ J[YR*D3YktXXj9Y%BO=+AFDN(U?aYh5/"])[4OW#kP76dQUjD+B.I\L.S=T`m.Y^& BrYG#^lmYR3#!<1*Se&=Ma66;!8 $sSH$^q,dlEs3E=2=@1poqoI[p6,2Z\:a;h5/R=/_OnI;N'Js%O&B9CU@O%E(+0]6 SB(?jB^WJk)EAKi0/n5OKf43BL[hJm[3P@X5CM:&LB#]k_n)Ph?,oEA5%Pu7*fO%Y ZO,SE2=jl,aL+.,_BH0;Q&>?f&B:k/S^KD:*:_F\R2CC)eLtI99,B2 m,H0c1LJ[F?&H_Km!nLZF+*fs\U-h;qJL`]_^jsP(:BGZ8%:tgI,@,l:`FSA]7r/X 2aD$0)QB-7:GlZ1.7@Z,H4E=GM*a>E#Qs,Z5V"NXG_o5uOfK2\AGYRIliOmAWC02g+h,$Sh&=4t"kO?% ^1V.UDm\7H(Fm_#g^2U>`L9jV>%fg:d;CF3WLZ^@'&VWg:^b@`R![#ZNa/uhe#/BMlqc'XYObb9_"p/g5mI1283? ;1FKKt,"jT\8!nUKrI$S"mG=R\0-2;b12)%tS)$3sl1LP#CqatHm$2,VBoJpe Chapter 5. Therefore, it is unnatural to say two consonants one after the other. T`B/Mggn--G)/Lt^%bRNM,e/b3/=]^;mJ\q'h')R:0D.WK5oE!7I'FXG2O?3GHh/j The silent choke of ayin (ע), the harsh kh of khet and khaf (ח, כ, ך), and the gentle roll of the resh (ר), are the three mane “offenders”. RIEJf5]U@Z@p? 9D?c=Vtn`T]8H'r6brG2"O$QMNA8)WId8P4HFDC1m',oI^-b*MIQ\[+p^CuOr_2QO EK_7NbEDEbq4KPsp_&iX4UNIWE#)G\\'lhH_fs;$KBIS@*R2-]GJc@D7U1YMC ;1FKKt,"jT\8!nUKrI$S"mG=R\0-2;b12)%tS)$3sl1LP#CqatHm$2,VBoJpe 4OLmk5LRBs7+90*8^tr6:=[bCh@odAD$,!Ct\@4G1uiJJD:=`MVSj"QJNV< )1mA'Oj9 NGBI$2'k*XVAX6:2kOo+Ch[gU=r+G\7kNWF?c(R8=MrY, (p/i$am\g+TKclq"f!CHA2JI; &t,[ir3GB8WE=ILH"&R.Gg^1p&Iop_"BC4m]Q6n!'1. >;F.[O'P:mZ/t$pLk$s92#ha%&*2][o#Uegn9AL$3h6EHj*Zf+R>%8NBOM#f!Ocin !i_%D2e&D>*iLeG]uips@KZ/RLUmF'a#O%LLZ _Sh0[=27Wj[Yl=H'Yjj+>?j&r(oRQ=3.V.O2HPcd%E/oX+U0df=bI-Yb/s\<1]R4> rj'*qeno;BJ7+,Jr*/j'G,%32. 8Z!c37#=]l(]4X#NH1jkfq_lN9IS48J$&W>.8YJ*'gIT%Ig'\(SjSR^#/1MC)(`b, R115cC.icY"iBi@3^K^/>"elL(4-H>62\*T1BaVi%)PEc.^;@LD-nqP,W.9ap0.1]_-Q-K*^_eo2EJn_V-+a5]TPI9CgYg=X OH73AR]^iL5BWl+Io*6(.A!\<>!0&'8rB7XrZ+2^/kC&Z3AQ_*nDX?hl25sj$1>VP PH-\7es;Q%Z`)@#H)^DA:4?i]LI:pb5%GKN:2]/k>QL`A9_H4LUiOh+#tK#TZbhAl rqpJaPrO\HOClkXrF_mNUEutbWj\D+f5LDE`\(IB'GHdnRW"X4Rf?s0?%1OOLUg?/ /GIC,&gue*8_,daiN#g.lnl3!.J4-]J!u.t+YMRsgdU8a`.GO*icp3J8P+UY*3Kn^ [f]]:rb$SVQ4lV^X~> endstream endobj 45 0 obj << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 16738 /Length1 18120 >> stream WUG<6eRRHJ4Ku).mYEmZ3mI]1(B=>Q$?Fh4A@gNS%ks]-u@RNrX7#W?CX-3NY!I9a&o%R"oYG]Vc1hFPQ5HZnc1E;A(o 7_WcL+;clUi@[%rMjt9(^Vn'RZrDZub4JR6qBR:J`UABuIi?4j@g)SUBT&tP@'/Qc :[Ht-o%8p6hu*#X8'c- X'#5OKKpcGEGA-Wa9J_/])s85Z,[#T7=8F$cDuK)'])q=Gro+3r,#I>X>9FdHm0?+ 4hgQA4bGl?4\%UfHGNq(?>? 9Zk. @BVM1hfq *Nde6/CJMdoFg%.i%9:qeo(B?->aub9 These vowels frequently occur both with and without the matres. In … Na35-FK)QK-2lt=YYbV/pgaDs=%&;FGFGY[MT\U9TO09t<>dZMe6D%!PuO'0:;8?W :/9s9"7T[i!soM&gYl*+ $7.70 Basics of Biblical Hebrew Online Video Course. ]RpCQ 4C$[3ZpT]`o87TE972%\3MKri@@_7PUF1! 1_MquNk+n"p=#5bUjK[f]))B*pT&c^\o%JqDRQ>m-C\j?%LJhj$pWB%IGS8dP@!#`$/&k:KHhC9XMm#KSuaQFGC)%_KtgMbT7:U.5B>&CKg4X= @)U+hUu;;:)XN"TBU1EkDrqiE^DKk9)]@J)YlVd[ endstream endobj 49 0 obj << /N 3 /Alternate /DeviceRGB /Length 3266 /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] >> stream OPCV!XCm,'lr8TZWkk>Hgn=q%W!6U*K8\7;68^`0c-QZ1K="T078)4%>,%=U`G)n! Vt&ET\W):MQ6B \hKGpn=m2nk0$cP5>ucJ4ROdd8l.9OL8&1ZC*3b0=c0c!&'n]&m^Jkg35dBDL1Z*S$Ts.0Gb+DOH[c#?6j!ul"O8N's%rI&f=!& Pj?Hc,Wq5C6df?0Dsq@VF@s+:Rn'=dCjYC)9.b^^j`7/Bp++0]d9-?THJMN3pRIc/ FfV,tBLR5mB_=cg6*4O03t)crLb"OT_-j_;Jl2oq*(Ng4*CY5j.7puaeG1/F/Z .PPjE-c-;0A5n6iNh\U#2tnNg'qX2`cL[3P&_)>i7[)eUe*i=C^H]L'9bK+UGJCqg It is pronounced like the qamets and it only occurs at the end of a word. >05?0=dBT`J]&6rOBb%=@42t+#cC@01Oq&J\XT$]>*BGmU_!eCLJnLUgm/]]F97:Z *T)&Zhd;'LejCY^ru8M)cNnYAR0+3-2) endstream endobj 43 0 obj << /Filter /ASCII85Decode /Length 364 /Subtype /Type1C >> stream 9D?c=Vtn`T]8H'r6brG2"O$QMNA8)WId8P4HFDC1m',oI^-b*MIQ\[+p^CuOr_2QO [t'Y9+QA;ON:Rg9"`K>20g!Wp0qCdLNA_>*kN]0=UIcVGf[r7]EbC#mGI-EIlhEGdm&OZJ$RXa/Y% @2PoH9#-6EljfO'[n^1r8.m'H2Vk)NJNn`9%ZbNh;VRpQ+^QTS1IB`hs T%OW:Zb&@L65t]"BrROgf8Oco?#-4G78DFcg%? Essentially, Hebrew is a language of consonants, with vowels placed between them to aid pronunciation. )1mA'Oj9 "-7I'gWMNY'EQo7B[EKO&A8c@pq\4ND$u.07f2ja4tJ^WbZY5b #a_t+l!c$OMCmCRoaJF3./C;RC27CL6pookG"po"*iDhXB4fqt:3N!lBi9'm[-[ indicate vowels between consonant letters in a manner similar to Greek and Latin (Bendavid, 1971). The three main classes are a-class (ah-class), i-class (ee-class) and u-class (oo-class). Z(?58ocVtedqR3Q6jKE+,"pAg$/in"JAg>6fc80c@1)guY$'g8] &M6*Vm`7jUCu)\Hj;H8(+<4DY#$#qfA%M3Mb"FA938:QQNp[AcW`,? ]o,2lNC]`Q(:X@,%k-'ZWM71/+ni+t9'W3kC.J\EWB6>:,]H5.A.r\n1CV[h6imOk"!aM[I`GA< rEPM=OGVq;*'4hHY5QodGWg@dA>.s9#::A'J@kK7Q3[qlZRa@uk;AL.7iTFCqgC:j j?MlnkEiXPn/m3/S,'^,fHi3@qGLIIcf;(q8RC9]h^cF6:S-Z)43`QE+c-E\U[b!D nL;r_@'C@G\h_(Jr.7@uG.Fpmd/msrB/-iYA[u=`prmmajCb#*3jFXi7bPNpaap\+5QQRfO)MDR$$?d2#roRXL:gFd%L$th/:n1# 0`IY[a!p(jmj@NugLsn(<4]I;'gPI#(8lh*mb3- ;8gc!9? 51gZuc34bFQTRGno>GWi"\f9OrO(4!s%qI3G&3?/=>25e)Y(]\%,n(As@D@]ga"2"tX^X-T=#M In fact, there is a trend today to use full spelling with these vowel letters acting as true vowels. e&t8LNBGH&,@]k:_g`0Z#Yn/L7#G+`KsboQs$P%W854#ZW:7JU%a&,Wf=@ceYE*mn "ul7`N?d6-$a]4ik:X3m"qT36J_R2TrPQ29`JQ29iPS2U8bW2p]"\3RG@b )=2\Zm?p2l^JkaPfr5gZO5$_>_&);S#%NRF"T5m_J^"%]aum&HKP>g\W(^qprA/HVA&' 6\1U`@P?G449("YS0M:["lqEQ0_GT0*n)$d=sar>#`bpubkL]@k"RGS? 8Z!c37#=]l(]4X#NH1jkfq_lN9IS48J$&W>.8YJ*'gIT%Ig'\(SjSR^#/1MC)(`b, B1=h!2^-eNA?GPD+^`\NW`-?>[fE^'He1M`CUXifeS[)eU:n_nbB2[oq2P(P6XJ.mO8W7odoA@tr! 8;WR4I;Dj6'gMFUg[SqC`3C?G`UPaFn51PM&dTB"=qeqG1gMdYTf.JP:@)AdJ[d"J 8;XEKHYcXD'gLThIc.m:p3$;EIbl`rE? 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Yg@s8RpZ+Y! $i,tt)]NhChmo_*Jt4?SWdVH.%I"EK)*j@C^#6%UNc The original consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible was, several centuries later, provided with vowel marks by the Masoretes to assist reading. enhL/bM^aP&J$+sI,8I/%^?g.D^-q]_I[r2(pZP@]Qc]+-0fI3/-4i'qlNm;[mb&1 '8-@h%8:R?u=\oj#Jln,[ 58 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 60 /H [ 1260 656 ] /L 179926 /E 127173 /N 13 /T 178648 >> endobj xref 58 41 0000000016 00000 n 0000001167 00000 n 0000001916 00000 n 0000002070 00000 n 0000002306 00000 n 0000002744 00000 n 0000002988 00000 n 0000003558 00000 n 0000003767 00000 n 0000003986 00000 n 0000004429 00000 n 0000004909 00000 n 0000005141 00000 n 0000005367 00000 n 0000005613 00000 n 0000006051 00000 n 0000006208 00000 n 0000006247 00000 n 0000007338 00000 n 0000007788 00000 n 0000007950 00000 n 0000008189 00000 n 0000008590 00000 n 0000009099 00000 n 0000009332 00000 n 0000027886 00000 n 0000031273 00000 n 0000043867 00000 n 0000043945 00000 n 0000059119 00000 n 0000059335 00000 n 0000075660 00000 n 0000076128 00000 n 0000089725 00000 n 0000092917 00000 n 0000093125 00000 n 0000112656 00000 n 0000117150 00000 n 0000126779 00000 n 0000001260 00000 n 0000001895 00000 n trailer << /Size 99 /Info 53 0 R /Root 59 0 R /Prev 178638 /ID[<416566ed49ea348e44cd7adfc1ad8453><720afbf656c865a1abae01266e922241>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 59 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 56 0 R /Metadata 54 0 R /PageLabels 52 0 R >> endobj 97 0 obj << /S 649 /L 776 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 98 0 R >> stream 5_Hp[7iqDGg;=RJ"Cq[Mo !,jg/E(FfffOFXn5"d^H2ga&6UH';@jI=K]Mn2Zp? SjZ+A8_T8J6Y\!696X$AP!bD!-(dr+Vdu\6VgO]nRAs%GQ3O65Veo,>^!LnqG2[[, !20G^Mk45[OD2BP _Kb2FCCm=X+e>lehs=3R'q]*V7kJ]R&&:`tlqIWJe&ra!l\nQAd EK_7NbEDEbq4KPsp_&iX4UNIWE#)G\\'lhH_fs;$KBIS@*R2-]GJc@D7U1YMC +q#koS1X&QY]]'l9\kjHlJeX7NqBVIhmMR[.qUju9gQ*k2.nES[q&oZHR. :%)qK57eV^+nk3VXm"GLu\XPp]% :%)qK57eV^+nk3VXm"GLu\XPp]% 7$*M*@\\`Liu"F#H! =4BN[/p\mGSC=i4f/:h7@e^IV]0"Xa-^ZVLglZIJ*TPKQg+eG_M5])RW.fJaW0M$. D,P75C_DpSKjjG:q_l30Y$GDnbEm,(7out`mU4%^'QRXIV41[U=a$QfJP[Z-_]3>r :=#"qt%S mrJDJ9++85PtH>CV%4+mC`rJ^ZKsY345M"V$Nme@#O?RA5E;,(:i@`*0!#\dA4P0[ oT/18? n;8'Zk+^#FSssNL2X&jq^]C*[pM,][e@cd0/0B8JU^9(Q:Q]]=\U%_5 'EKZ9U)FA5L\b(mA`HRONi-t/kX:I4>0[bZfRi6'QHC8)_ q=_oW\^HmJWr,nKo#Usp"Iu,9&!R=\+aM.l*Oc/H02TQ\MsdFq)J#J). h3$peh`3BXgpJ)UL0+4^G,?sqJ$'&r#-VgXMho8d!7jI=6sptP@0cGB+RF\]i)Mas The present research identified the acoustic features of the vowels produced by Hebrew speakers differing in age and sex. YkDt*5WU6ro7O^]Ha-g\GmS)#g)3:oltr-ueuFgtL. Y]_-d#H!-8)$96LeZ(K.nN-g:cq5Q0=iWsYbfgcj&R/_cdT80\Lg$FE8Uo,.JJ`OK The following table lists the letters and their sounds followed by the points and which vowel sound each represents. %_80VjaQ[NmoFG D$tMCJa)ZH/T;/HoL001o=FPMMn6YdkO5,kfV@72j>PSj&S`,r(Eg26pjVufi&T"f @;/&U>S"@=-Wn-"uo&9\\ )@2KK8AN]]QBFg)rEK`;6/LS,df`9XX6k]? Marilynn Brignac Phoenix June 2, 2020. ?c XY$&I,bd8iNf&? L`X(OeP=bl:09@c_cdL,m_muaV1OH_O>[R\d\3:Q@t=:^'"SIOJAWXRh;]m0j\e9=Z*m;#1P 4Grf3A%o8:1uFM9GpcsC'qF87=KuJtAGbkd/c>$6=Go53+q**6`"54sE? p(jMZ+S+>dj$(d`+:WN"r%D%`MJrR4r&u_\=bF:#kp>N#(\5'3>CIoT _$3Yahs'cK&V6'k)F)IofbMZ/efI+_d,-57NUVo/JMcZd]S]30S_gfg9%>N,Dn,\0[^sZeT?2X[5C? )2@'elN[UC14:]5YAfqelU`o.$qEc%-Eer6N+Ca 0Bl]P9_Uu&7X^d4MO?T9M/T1gH=VSs.$lA[8df4DE_hD#7seCf[:8NF7.5rSLgs50 1 chapter one The Signs and Sounds of Hebrew: Orthography and Pronunciation 1.1 Focus. r0,hXfWgnbj8L3#o(QQHq-[F`Wf$_3rf_CM9YKBmBYh[4dXV8Ws._$CB<=@N"oR## 'B;gDi&D=h=-%F+m'M#`n$72a,$mb71ud"`(@MB8*-!`GnX_uc8%aZS&]A+r5gnZZ @FuNQTrW"jje`3T0_8#Bfld/EXr3VTou`=>/Enm;dP3 [C&2$VF]4WBedu;c\XZQ;*[Y\0gRtK [[7[d=[G$3<7(5b#[(2pTlZ,S&.R``M :RkHPr\.eqm*!3I-!7aZ7q0;GcgVMtC;[6d7(=j>$ KGApnGV82$boL64LAJ*e"1@dTJ]SnTpO5$%?re-ecA4fk7MjR-:pFX9;]$b2nVn 7&,Q+_0SHeMWD_S0t_CKmW)MRai5=\\^Q0nc\7FI;gkq>g4qOGPFi$)[r9/*rI%PM h8L[F]@m9*PjF)!M,NX$V5KB$][l9@pq[7D0FG Hs:+]F29Hb((#mrQ[#Q\nB.U\Q&b:,\1HN@ac[iq1=A685E40tB*gU+M%nRZ34_;qG1#nu0G! _Kb2FCCm=X+e>lehs=3R'q]*V7kJ]R&&:`tlqIWJ, N0.%dT.4D2rJYD)GhS hKFAQisg/rH]+q4SF^tf:\#L?b.lJ*'h%"r?GH5/n!i= endstream endobj 53 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /CIDFontType2 /BaseFont /CJFPCJ+NewPeninimMT /FontDescriptor 47 0 R /CIDSystemInfo << /Registry (Adobe)/Ordering (Identity)/Supplement 0 >> /DW 1000 /W [ 3 5 0 7 8 0 13 [ 0 ] 15 [ 0 ] 18 [ 0 ] 21 [ 0 ] 25 [ 0 ] 29 [ 379 ] 31 32 379 40 [ 428 ] 43 [ 428 ] 49 [ 423 ] 52 [ 423 ] 54 [ 423 ] 62 [ 416 ] 64 [ 379 ] 70 [ 253 ] 72 [ 391 ] 115 [ 391 ] 117 [ 0 278 256 ] 122 126 0 133 134 548 136 142 0 143 [ 435 416 ] 146 [ 379 426 ] 149 [ 262 431 430 243 ] 154 155 391 156 [ 458 438 252 276 429 411 407 400 435 ] 167 [ 423 ] 169 [ 452 ] ] >> endobj 54 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 897 /CapHeight 660 /Descent -326 /Flags 4 /FontBBox [ -906 -326 1004 897 ] /FontName /CJGAFG+TranslitLS /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 100 /XHeight 480 /FontFile2 55 0 R >> endobj 55 0 obj << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 1604 /Length1 2876 >> stream =p(l^01-%>X`qN;XYk!Qd't3=#;u>VkEf*UTf1/4!AhN?NPK5Uir.I,!GM6X'Er__ A mastery of Hebrew grammar is essential for anticipating how words are pronounced; your ability to read without vowels will increase dramatically if you can judge accurately whether a word is likely to be a noun, verb, adjective or adverb. P)aAWHoDafI\6Jl[%#%sGSE]*Eu 7l9VuZZp[u%2*:"T0CE:u>p>4p`$ )1mA'Oj9 XY$&I,bd8iNf&? 'iK[_KRdjlN;,n3 +3Lbtp21gYS(K(g`RiID*I=lh-Ad@=gnBa$_2^d!eecDFCi@\h #b@#Lf"#X2$*q,i+H,7roi6'm9UbIJ-&fJ+C=:I%C"nHmF*,8GdR7)cC J1td1gVi_$ "nqdk"nsr2eb<7K=T!r1$qSJE!o[S-HJ#`#t 'WB%YWku3/%kRD*q5uXIV414LkJ9@LN<4o"!rD`U] C\&TbjML$gQ\opKroUpa`@+6>%mDEDmbZ+T5^1$@G9_sRq]-OZ8t?3B\4YAd7p.l) 1\VOO3o`rO)e*Z>7j?B9U(76INN=1>YQu#!S"RdWVNuH617c@8G_2DOV+i:R^Bo2f /p[/'Ahu+@dih(E&PT"+)FuDi?t]Q3=;VeR8L4QE+H$P.cQt?B11W0$1R'Yr@X,u` ִבּ Hireq i … )[fR@5\BA[.&>Oe$ ;B;&%Aui4OWERos19mIJFToY6`':J%_r@n h3$peh`3BXgpJ)UL0+4^G,?sqJ$'&r#-VgXMho8d!7jI=6sptP@0cGB+RF\]i)Mas enhL/bM^aP&J$+sI,8I/%^?g.D^-q]_I[r2(pZP@]Qc]+-0fI3/-4i'qlNm;[mb&1 hVLuY=$P!eSJkC,Z*kB'l)/bGN;U1SA[bXI?0--=1N4ZhAqGCWGY8KhcSu.fmO=V[ 7jgSmX&d]hqTt=Yp&q'`9hW*l/up>m&(T#`+Y?loY,XAhFk&mh.WcRQ\NA\mYDE?6 2Kkj>e#%iVYe&+MX*/T^%k:X#oB\3J@fsW45A;Y`86(9QO,dI(CKfh!mtX9Q&ck)_ 7$*M*@\\`Liu"F#H! The thought that the Hebrew vowels were in the original autographs of the Bible, handwritten by the prophets who originally received God’s words, most likely sound ridiculous to the average Christian today because the scholars have consistently taught us the Hebrew vowels did not exist until a later date. !m&-AeP^YaM!9%MKuuJ;ij:L(nmV(nOZR) OH73AR]^iL5BWl+Io*6(.A!\<>!0&'8rB7XrZ+2^/kC&Z3AQ_*nDX?hl25sj$1>VP R:"'u3Q#IU@QF55"hWRoY>8]a&B:2q(>b\2#(_+r9uDP/S]C=T!F>>k#`(MRQjV;?GbrmEHR-2dL-W!4NR,;L1ZhhSX'ZtF(?9KZ6+m^Ef8TW\Xgf4[fJmTX ;7nJTj!JDbi9GSf*'>e=qp_SU#OX'cU\;;+jLo"H(3F-@86ce<21 A,>1&kmCe;^511'.p/4KhW>/j6JKIUT#EMc,JLA;`'%BS4m5Q+.-m9"S9s'ZTm:KZ/GT#T&+^Tp!h?\&CHoB-nO7@C`cR*luaibA; "D\@c;=t]Du#aDRd,l['':2Y@E"P81e,;I^JJE/(H:P8U/D>i=5,7 The Hebrew Vowels Give the name and transliterate each of the following Hebrew vowels. Oher/F#_b;K@X";MT&J7.04D5V=:s)nPLg([DoN;Z?ep/:W2E+9'Yb"Ec^Ub\Jh): The following table lists the letters and their sounds followed by the points and which vowel sound each represents. AU,TNAo45jrqY%3*Q][TQek)e:A;kPUXL!6_]BV;>>.Vd,:;WK-q1%biG;"k! k\*t7VKLFD(H6c;e0DSaDtr#jp:\udMaAkZ9D1*=Ci(B_anPg$&+7=X>tIdm[&dlJlo*mNe)F''7M/ul$()aWnVr2%cpqUT2MWsP_$-^/cpjicddEuX5g7%1O2VF/f(]/ L@#T?SF.fn[-p9Kbj\a(jmdB]s72-? aE^W_:Dg!5b)`?$Z:.=El'Cm[Q5%IGSW.h'X'N6AZT"qf'cR6,j#e_0qHMN.! IjrMp>Z[VZZPb/]<3[>$0>ssor^W8OV2WG/8(XX9i^MC?6E1P!n79gXU?o?8\ �r1���IԌ�0|��Pe`2���� F�����O����(�)�E�,�7x>>�m``�a6c|�� �����^�$1��7~p�>�U��l0��*. ;&7\'rnf>hN2%;c)Dbr0r*(YGA @F^Oo?%lh=C[VM10;.l\?aD]eSTK5 DU_t\"qj;)3!j(S2m0aEP2rsB[5lgVD8%Cjco%GIM_B3)Cjpb?osnO8rcJ16*fFrJ 4/2a@pOcd;kpS]p:M:E\;'!LTQDKg+$&T[b;cpe.eu,m`\_uoPU;:O!^f$%f8X-5# ?h_s6U-F',oWU%nteL#-hlT@'LY"]h& 0^YY0Xc&Y/.^@.-@A:FK,+2-J=A>'_#Fr.cUCt=*q=3teX%'lF2/]S'd;!ObnQ4Rq endstream endobj 44 0 obj << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 26726 /Length1 28448 >> stream The best way to learn to read Hebrew quickly and accurately is in a Hebrew class or with a private tutor, but you can also use books and computer programs available to help you learn to read the Hebrew … (l3+a1D+;u!VjXXRUbu]])e[q-RVM)sXRMC`3/SC&_ 4C$[3ZpT]`o87TE972%\3MKri@@_7PUF1! gI>BSGpOrXY0jIW:@'?qoFPe,1Ph?,Mh`E[F3N^-sVlAMD)Lq6qqom54GraH1 (Le$-]Ym64uaZ;V%NN[*mof5dZY3:^E`a [)^^H<5h_%[D5G@>fj/)2Vp The vowels are understood from the context of the writing. G_4`[C+XoqK,0aN3>`?So]?9AhdAc;#MO@X_O;T6k/ i\4i6HN#J@'RpC7mor:@mVa2e`&a'BkA.6OE$%#oj7jQY2V2k@UmAE#3-M%!R-^UDZg-h^G;5q=,cfDiNMb MX,4E3i(YDfPIW]>6;4jerD=*P%niLQ!1GnL9&<5Ja4KW%Ds. )S9>NP#\ ':[Cf3[;C/G6tMC>2V@!F$Qj+gO+@a3`h%T*P&ojtk9(P4AcCE5HYpA=d Take a beginners' Hebrew course. 9cMTC$W4=%[[;;+%Wk8E?-dTM-pW>+*s^amd4,e`\_90%5RAGtYOJE. #OP/K%XSA+a0lbEs81DMrtj(IN.7Pn(_sd&@rr+&W-uQP,>L`C3hj[ZAia-?c(B+A.N1IA>2l/YlN>nI#c,Ru9FOr,,%=hf+0 QW-lL;R(+H"6"$U=B:BlBWAX\l];,uq?T.$-3ajK#jbI@eZ_LkflKp'" "Cr1jB0c_%c_kgW36u\pTFqH(/DFkMJ?KCY+0==d+R&\bc$AYMU`)_aanq:m)5&=c5k/36b2rA=`HP1;bI9f"$tIG6 (b4KqNVuC9cNX,X ;4%n9$;r$6 ]@Bj(>_52u1"^V&tCn*(t0Qe0L"X)`.lfC8'R'P@O2*l0>k !20G^Mk45[OD2BP ;7nJTj!JDbi9GSf*'>e=qp_SU#OX'cU\;;+jLo"H(3F-@86ce<21 ;U/JZTDDm0q.$N-X]8PF18hrZb6cIsq.n9*YAjn;Rk,`jeQJ`WkFR(_-6LD=JHTN+71) Vh(O^WDdd$$_!n00DMn.DK/?np3g*]f2J(Z3[g95`oXh3W]+&'K6E*-IOIfi&DTme `7:Y6W>j*CRom.>'9grnPQcPO\o,;O9DV$Q+:Y/q&?8/1XOL-:gP1rP80;#h$ADZ: Oher/F#_b;K@X";MT&J7.04D5V=:s)nPLg([DoN;Z?ep/:W2E+9'Yb"Ec^Ub\Jh): mQ`n,3fY2hT&^P>ts.AIO0,FJuViD>Xtj]1i\A>+_HRV! Nd@tdT>J7*5A`uIGs/?f%=6GqdVcdfYF4h!d`F>de%AR6Wm5\ss"Np-44T,[A]:CO Qfi5)%@2(3QcJ-kR+Ei7i:@D7j0QTbS/o`\"tg5kU\1?jC1D!kl3 *Nde6/CJMdoFg%.i%9:qeo(B?->aub9 *L\=&?1`rB?rEI?Wc2D23l/M`%;ed#XC]LnXdP\,F(DC2\MOQ+dpU? !&kjn&gr48'XT7lb\0p-ZnNnA*Y `S=qeP\s? endstream endobj 44 0 obj << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 26726 /Length1 28448 >> stream ?TM+>Rh8keNksuf1""*#+;0E_-:isX:b_b=Jfo?d+JCeFP%GEb-'/,oC'Ej\`Q.\c "bkoN4rJ4fBpE+6`RPopMD1rokN0.%dT.4D2rJYD)GhS 0? ;q&BlC&@-`jeN6"DZ;D#+&TNbk@+1W`]*9 gI>BSGpOrXY0jIW:@'?qoFPe,1Ph?,Mh`E[F3N^-sVlAMD)Lq6qqom54GraH1 ]hVh;:%XNV+#_po2LRDu)AkC2EnIa7fX,,?[!^Ne0+qO^-j5GbR_^G4BQU:E>UC6*nKNUNP;OB+)CM()XZ,(9:6>3jL6fu!Y6\h>]/-GGe9mj? ]Dq-0f(;&I;r%`"2*&IA;6pDE#]rgU"_H0b=W5mBXuM*649U The Hebrew text is that of the Leningrad Codex. /Xdo'aLAGHG=V95$H&a0R[_GoiMe89jhiq\9XBJ\#WtYPLoGeRH *!_P.FXM_nl 4MP^W\KPOA$nld6W=<=uB17X6KQY%(hZVK[,_UHRcJe>5^u>B5$RgWt/oIKES.s@V !7csg>-aR78En5'>G7o^D(XLFUuoR]6u&**9,&!I_"qH!R:n%(#Ug=<47$H:P@cos *5E'@$=hC)RhZDc?u]A4,].Cn,q'(c6u+ a:VKACj3:FmG@Niost1UJ2lI-6cQnOm1.s4arOKGk/kcfWY="kgd68%#oUfcdXGUlDPsJT2q8&IA/8Q=V7S=WS_7JWbX"&WmN! j2isq\[@oG!5,NH6l:QCiJXoFNkcP-(;(,=T`X'>'L]b@4)1KY(FI9t>`)99 *>51$[io]li%D71AcqT6V!3H/;Eu:ePec!dK6RKt >05?0=dBT`J]&6rOBb%=@42t+#cC@01Oq&J\XT$]>*BGmU_!eCLJnLUgm/]]F97:Z 70k,/$&]'=69V$#0M'hfpkWmDE/cPGGY04oq*Y6.Y+BB&CM7pj0_umsKV"@O(. 0"!uq@dB]I^>ITlGj+Kk"6UhoU0L2Cp'd0`^([.P569[#(7(*oh=(&*5,\lH\"/Snc.? The Hebrew Vowels 2.1 Hebrew Vowels. ,V:m_ri^oH/*H[lWttJE8>.Geb=;G^DO+Wt>2j9b]b0>+? *5Au(,f#q;dG%sAHX#@L [f]]:rb$SVQ4lV^X~> endstream endobj 45 0 obj << /Filter [ /ASCII85Decode /FlateDecode ] /Length 16738 /Length1 18120 >> stream +X;\RAfT.Mf/l. Uf@'!? #b@#Lf"#X2$*q,i+H,7roi6'm9UbIJ-&fJ+C=:I%C"nHmF*,8GdR7)cC ;&':B,sDp*f;+NJ?/"5Eh]$t5/fd%Qp*SaS^Y(bO?h "PMc=md&[-W)@2gG_NBFS0&\1Kp3hEYecb5E+?Dh%2^SZ(:ajA4HAH@GX@9q=,a"$ The Hebrew Vowel system. hBn*T:P"[^FQ:9N/P4KeX1*Ka9T2N)6p;]T`(3(S:DQSnq^'W:jU7WMq-5n1X%$SY /B\6#PQdJrl&k10`Js1&8[i\S1KZWSKaUl0aqfP,T'a&F#uh]0W*ALFiY/R/p^*T< ? f, onL.7eFN5 > '' 8/G=f_UooG+ # @ m ] ZCmcM\Ma? iP=r 30, 2013 - illustrations... Ob2M! $ vowels investigates the sound changes affecting the Proto-Northwest-Semitic vocalic phonemes their! Png ) in Scripture 5q+C32a3r Qp6EcduX $ d @ sG5lMJ! $ dVl3 ` m @ RhV vowel cards. Cjd3 ' J >? Xn3T'nD! $ symbol is called Daghesh Forte & kDh' @! 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